Children's flip-book animation frames (zoetrope strips, 19th century) 🔍

Toy printer and optical illusion maker (1830 - 1890)

Zoetrope and flip-book makers printed sequential, nearly identical images of moving figures on paper strips or cards, creating the illusion of motion when flipped or spun. These cheap toys relied on tiny, repeatable variations between frames to capture gesture and movement over time.